Comparatives of Adjectives and Adverbs (Sıfatların ve Zarfların Karşılaştırması)
Karşılaştırmalar (comparatives), iki nesneyi karşılaştırırken kullanılır. Genelde bir heceli ya da bazı iki heceli sıfatlardan sonra “daha” anlamına gelen “-er” eki ilave edilir, sonra “-den” anlamına gelen “than” kelimesi kullanılır.
· My father is older than my mother.
|
short
dirty
narrow
weak
slow
long
old
|
+er
|
shorter
dirtier
narrower
weaker
slower
longer
older
|
than
|
Sesli harften sonra bir sessiz harfle biten bazı sıfatlarda sondaki sessiz harf iki defa yazılır ve “-er than” eklenir.
· Turkey is bigger than Greece. (Türkiye Yunanistan’dan büyüktür.)
|
wet
big
sad
hot
|
wetter
bigger
sadder
hotter
|
than
|
Sonu “-y” ile biten kelimelerde “-y” düşer yerine “-i” gelir ve “-er than” eklenir.
· My bag is heavier than your bag.
|
happy
heavy
rainy
windy
thirsty
hungry
|
+ier
|
happier
heavier
rainier
windier
thirstier
hungrier
|
than
|
Sonu “-e” ile biten kelimelere sadece “-r than” eklenir.
· Your house is larger than my house.
|
nice
large
late
wide
blue
|
+r
|
nicer
larger
later
wider
bluer
|
than
|
İki veya daha fazla heceli ise “daha fazla” anlamını katmak için “more” kelimesi kullanılır.
- Sedat is more intelligent than me.
- İstanbul is more expensive than Ankara.
Sonu “-ed, -ing” ile bitten sıfatlar her zaman “more” kelimesiyle kullanılır.
more / less, the most / the least (daha fazla / daha az, en fazla / en az)
İki nesne veya şeyi karşılaştırırken sıfat tek heceli ise “-er” eklenir. İki veya daha fazla heceli ise “daha fazla” anlamını katmak için “more” , kulanılır. “daha az” anlamını katmak için “less” kullanılır.” Less” hem kısa hem de uzun sıfatlar için kullanılır.
|
more
less
|
beautiful
delicious
difficult
different
exciting
expensive
important
|
than
|
· I think men are less patient than women · The last exam is less difficult than the previous one.
· Your hair is less oily than mine
“-ly” ile bitten “adverbs” zarflar more kelimesi ile kullanılır.
· Could you please speak more slowly· The computer will, more patiently than any teacher, pay attention to what the student does.
· My wife drives more carefully than I do
Not: “early” kelimesi istisnadır.
· He came earlier.
“-ly” almayan zarflar (soon,hard, late, fast,) ise “-er” takısı ile birlikte kullanılır.
· The person who works harder than anybody else in this company is Sinem. · Why didn't you tell me sooner?
· Light travels faster than sound
· She came home later.
Not: “Often” kelimesi istisnadır.
· I stay here more often these days.
Belirli iki şey arasında bir karşılaştırma yapıyorsak “the” kullanılır.
· Of these two cars, I would buy the cheaper one.
· Taner is the taller of the two brathers.
· Salih is the more intelligent of the twins
Düzensiz çekimler :
Good Better
Bad Worse
Far Farther/ Further
Much More
Many More
Little Less (few – fewer)
· The movie was better than I expected· He speaks English better than İbrahim
· The new version is worse than the first version
· We need more than that.
· People must read more.
· We must exercise more and eat less in order to be healthy.
· I'm quite tired but I can certainly walk a little further
· Count your books. I think you have fewer than me.
Not: “far” kelimesi “uzak” anlamında “Farther/ Further” şeklinde kullanılabilir. Ancak “more” anlamında sadece “Further” kullanılır. “Farther” kullanılmaz.
· I can certainly walk a little further / farther · For further farther information, call 7890
Karşılaştırma yaparken bazı zarflar kullanılarak karşılaştırma derecesini azaltabilir ya da çoğaltabiliriz.
A little / a bit /slightly / somewhat (biraz)
· Ankara air is a little cleaner than it used to be 10 years ago. · Tenth Planet is slightly larger than Pluto
· He is somewhat more confident than she used to be.
· Calling from this card is a bit cheaper than from a land line phone
A lot, a great deal, much, many, far ,considerably,even (çok)
· My exam results are a lot better than I expected · Goin out sounds a great deal more interesting
· The result is much more surprising
· Surely there must be many more civilian deaths in the blast.
· Being a football player is considerably less fun than we think it is
· We may sleep even less than we think
Rather, no, any
· The new one is rather easier to use.
· He has eaten no fewer than four hamburgers
· It isn’t any better.
Comparative adjective veya adverb iki defa tekrarlanarak kullanılabilir. Böyle bir kullanım eylemin sürekli değiştiğini vurgulamaktadır.
· There are so many bad films now and less and less people are going to the movies. · The weather gets warmer and warmer these days
· Software systems become more and more expensive
The comparative…the comparative… yapısı iki durumun birbiriyle ilişkili olarak değiştiğini belirtmek için kullanılır.
· The more he drank, the more drunk he became.[a46]
· The more he insisted he was innocent, the less they seemed to believe him[a47]
· The sooner we leave, the sooner we'll get there.[a48]
· The richer a person is, the happier he is[a49]
“Twice, three/four times, … “ gibi yapılardan sonra “-er than” ya da “ more than” kullanılabilir.
· Why is it two or three times more expensive to get a BMW serviced than a Ford? · Cigarettes in Romania are twice cheaper than in Bulgaria
· Some 4000 people have died in Afghanistan this year -- four times more than in 2005
Kişi veya nesnelerin farklı özellikleri karşılaştıralabilir.
· He was more hardworking than clever
· It is colder than it was yesterday.
· Yesteday, I wrote more letters than I have done today.
· Train certainly should be cheaper than it is
· I used to play soccer more often when I was young than I do now.
· Last year we earned more money than we had expected.
· Cigarettes in Romania are twice cheaper than in Bulgaria
theshortstory
